The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum exhibits various morphs with or without wings associated with their complex life cycle including wing polyphenism in viviparous females, genetic wing polymorphism in males, and a monomorphic wingless phenotype in oviparous females and. North carolina agricultural experiment station technical bulletin 259. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum abstract. A large number of insect genomes have been wholly sequenced in the last. Identification of g proteincoupled receptors in the pea aphid. Aphids detect photoperiod shortening by sensing the length of the night and switch from viviparous parthenogenesis in spring and summer, to oviparous sexual reproduction in autumn. New insight into the rna interference response against cathepsinl. The acyrthosiphon pisum data and its display on ensembl genomes are made possible through a joint effort by the ensembl genomes group and aphidbase. The presence of the blue aphid acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji homoptera. In view of the current availability of genome sequences of both. Genomic and cytogenetic localization of the carotenoid genes. Feb 23, 2010 here we present the genome sequence of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum.
Acyrthosiphon pisum is a cosmopolitan aphid species that attacks mainly fabaceae. It has a moderate host range, feeding on many species of among plant families including over 200 species of fabaceae. Gene models with partial sequence coverage were validated by dna. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisumfor which the genome is sequenced and partially assembled 37is a male heterogametic species with x0 males and xx females. Genome sequence, structure, orthology, and function whole genome sequencing and assembly. We identified 79 or and 77 gr genes in the pea aphid genome and showed that most of them are aphidspecific. The photoperiodic signal is transduced from the head to the reproductive tract to change the fate of the. The innate immune system of insects provides effective defence against a range of parasites and pathogens. The medfly wgs project reported here is a continuation of an initial project initiated at hgsc that is summarized in additional file 1. Sternorrhyncha which displays pink and green forms markula 1963, or extensive, as in the grain aphid sitobion avenae which displays many color forms including green, brown, pink and chestnut. Maybe incorporate into acyrthosiphon pisum article. This aphid is globally distributed throughout all temperate regions of the world. Lengths of body, antenna and cauda are provided for a sample of each instar.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a highly repeated dna sequence in. Aphids genome reflects its reproductive, symbiotic lifestyle. Physical and genetic map of the genome of buchnera, the primary endosymbiont of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. It is also apparent that some genomes contain abundant mite families, although complete genome sequences are available, e. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum plos. Gene knockdown by rnai in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Diptera and gram pod borer, helicoverpa armigera hubner noctuidae. Prey preference of aphidoletes aphidimyza on acyrthosiphon. Acyrthosiphon pisum, commonly known as the pea aphid and colloquially known as the green dolphin, pea louse, and clover louse, is a sapsucking insect in the family aphididae. Resistance of agricultural plants to pests and plant protection problems.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. In many insect taxa, wing polymorphism is known to be a consequence of tradeoffs between flight and other lifehistory traits. We made use of the recent genome sequence of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, to address the molecular characterization and evolution of key molecular components of chemoreception. The recent availability of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome iagc, 2010 has brought. Despite its importance as a crop pest, there is little understanding of the genetic structure of its populations or the extent of genetic divergence associated with different host plant utilization. The whole genome sequence of the mediterranean fruit fly. Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insectplant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. First, we examined the influence of aphid honeydew, a preyassociated cue, on the. Pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum sequesters plantderived secondary metabolite ldopa for wound healing and uva resistance. Acyrthosiphon pisum ensembl genomes 47 ensembl metazoa. Gs2 gene cdna orf clone, acyrthosiphon pisumpea aphid. Pea aphids acyrthosiphon pisum are the phloemfeeding insects having several advantages over other aphid species. Here we present the genome sequence of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum.
This defense reaction should not be described here. Large gene family expansions and adaptive evolution for. One of the major pests with economic impact on field pea crops in bulgaria is a. Characterisation of immune responses in the pea aphid. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome encodes two. Investigations into sensory ecology and gene evolution of the. Color polymorphism in insects as well as factors contributing to its occurrence and maintenance have been of a great interest. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Acyrthosiphon pisum harris, 1776 pea aphid, puceron du pois. The pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, is a novel study system for investigating hostparasite interactions due to its complex associations with both wellcharacterised bacterial symbionts and a diversity of pathogens and parasites, including several important biological control agents. This aphid, which is widely used in laboratory studies, attacks legume crops fabaceae and is closely related to important crop pests, including the green peach aphid myzus persicae and the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia 7. Here we present the 464 mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum.
Association of pea aphid with more than 20 legume genera represents their host race specific evolution. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum has been established in north america for at least a century and occurs on a broad range of host plants. Genome annotation and comparative analyses of the odorant. We provide a dichotomous key, with photographs and illustrations, for distinguishing between instars of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum in the developmental pathway leading to the apterous parthenogenetic adult. The extent of color variation may be limited, as in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum harris homoptera. Nov 20, 2015 this page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 02. Gene expression analysis of parthenogenetic embryonic. Pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum sequesters plantderived. Sep 09, 20 the rice genome contains 39% tes, but mites consititute 5.
In the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, an insect that destroys plants by feeding on the sap, red and. Acyrthosiphon pisum acyronoverview eppo global database. Sep 29, 2009 aphid adaptation to harsh winter conditions is illustrated by an alternation of their reproductive mode. Dichotomous key to pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum apterous. The source data for this genome and other resources can be accessed via the aphidbase download pages. Genome expansion and differential expression of amino acid. Chromosome analysis and molecular characterization of highly. The features of feeding behavior of pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum harr. We tested a subset of these genes for expression by pcr from cdna pools made from asexual and sexual ovaries. Comparison of a biopesticide with three synthetic pesticides. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome encodes two divergent early developmental programs elizabeth j. It feeds on several species of legumes plant family fabaceae worldwide, including forage crops, such as pea, clover, alfalfa, and broad bean, 4 and ranks. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum for which the genome is sequenced and partially assembled 37is a male heterogametic species with x0 males and xx females.
Gene family evolution in the pea aphid based on chromosome. This study reveals a successful coevolution between a. Mf gene cdna orf clone, acyrthosiphon pisumpea aphid. Two developmental switch points for the wing polymorphisms in. Briefly, the initial 454 sequencing project used mixedsex embryonic dna from a longterm caged population of the ispra strain maintained at the. The genes were mapped at a subterminal portion of autosome 1 in all 3 species tested here. The genome of the pea aphid shows remarkable levels of gene duplication and equally remarkable gene absences that shed light on aspects. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects.
A genomewide survey revealed 82 gpcrs in acyrthosiphon pisum. The international aphid genomic consortium has selected the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum as the model aphid species for developing genomic resources such as ests or genome sequencing 16, 17. The refseq genome records for acyrthosiphon pisum were annotated by the ncbi eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies. Apr 30, 2010 many animals recognize and respond to the environment, foods, and enemies by making use of visual cues. The present study is focused on the identification of ssrs from the genome of a. Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid alate from hairy tare flickr s. National centre for growth and development, department of biochemistry, university of otago, 56, dunedin 9054, aotearoa, new zealand. An example is the genome of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum for. The genome of the aphid acyrthosiphon pisum has been published in. In the perspective of the future accessibility of the pea aphid genome sequence, functional analyses tools such as inactivation of gene expression will.
Mitochondrial dna diversity in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Comparative gene mapping as a tool to understand the. Hence, animal body color is an ecologically important trait, often involved in preypredator interactions through mimicry, aposematism colors that warn, and crypsis camouflage 1 1. Media in category acyrthosiphon pisum the following 20 files are in this category, out of 20 total. The preference of the predatory gall midge aphidoletes aphidimyza rondani for the two color morphs of pea aphid at two life stages adult and second instar was investigated.
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